They are the bonding molecular orbital (BMO) and the anti-bonding molecular orbital (ABMO). Therefore, the combination of two atomic orbitals results in the formation of two molecular orbitals. They have higher energy than atomic orbitals. We can represent them as Ψ MO = Ψ A – Ψ B. When molecular orbital forms by the subtraction of wave function, the type of molecular orbitals formed are antibonding Molecular Orbitals. They have lower energy than atomic orbitals involved. We can represent them by Ψ MO = Ψ A + Ψ B. When the addition of wave function takes place, the type of molecular orbitals formed are Bonding Molecular Orbitals. Ψ MO = Ψ A + Ψ B Bonding Molecular Orbitals If the electron cloud of these two atoms overlaps, then we can obtain the wave function for the molecule by a linear combination of the atomic orbitals Ψ A and Ψ B. The below equation forms two molecular orbitals. Consider two atoms A and B which have atomic orbitals described by the wave functions Ψ A and Ψ B. Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO)Īs per this method, the formation of orbitals is because of Linear Combination (addition or subtraction) of atomic orbitals which combine to form the molecule. You can download Molecular Structure Cheat Sheet by clicking on the download button below Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO).We can obtain the wave function of a molecular orbital by the following methods. Electrons in a molecule occupy molecular orbitals. These are solutions to the Schrodinger wave equation.
Therefore, we can describe an electron in an atom as occupying an atomic orbital, or by a wave function Ψ. We know that we can consider electrons as either particle or wave nature. Thus the electrons of an atom are present in various atomic orbitals and are associated with several nuclei.
Learn VSEPR Theory to know the geometrical arrangement of various molecules.Īccording to the Molecular Orbital Theory, individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals. Mulliken came up with Molecular Orbital Theory to explain questions like the ones above. The Valence Bond Theory fails to answer certain questions like why He 2 molecule does not exist and why O 2 is paramagnetic.
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